![]() ![]() AMNIOTIC FLUID PHYSIOLOGYĪmniotic fluid is a “complex and dynamic milieu that changes as pregnancy progresses.” 1 Amniotic fluid contains nutrients and growth factors that facilitate fetal growth and produce mechanical cushioning and antimicrobial effectors that protect the fetus and allow assessment of fetal maturity and disease. ![]() Kelly MD, in Family Medicine Obstetrics (Third Edition), 2008 I. We also highlight the need for further investigating AFSC properties and the mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects. Here, we discuss the potential of AFSC transplantation in stroke, examining the advantages and disadvantages of its use in comparison with other stem cell types. While AFSC transplantation was associated with a decreased infarct area and increased neurogenesis, mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of AFSCs are still poorly understood. Preclinical studies have shown that intraventricular or intravenous transplantation of AFSCs in subacute and chronic rodent stroke models, respectively, are associated with an improvement in both sensorimotor and cognitive functions. Moreover, AFSCs are not associated with ethical concerns unlike other stem cell types. Amniotic fluid–derived stem cells (AFSCs) represent a promising resource for cell therapy as they display high proliferative capacity and remarkable differential potential, as well as low immunogenicity and tumorigenicity. Borlongan, in Perinatal Stem Cells, 2018 AbstractĪmniotic fluid is an attractive source of distinct cell subpopulations with therapeutic potential. This will have implications in clinical practice, reporting between department and centres and when comparing studies. The fact that there are so many different techniques is an indicator of the inaccuracies inherent in each of the methods of measurement and each different modality will have different cut-off threshold points for the diagnosis of low and high amniotic fluid levels. a method of measurement which measures for example a 95% confidence interval for gestational age may not be of use in the everyday clinical setting. The most clinically relevant method should be the one which best determines the volume of amniotic fluid associated with adverse outcome rather than one that best calculates volume abnormalities outside a normal range, i.e. The most accurate methods for determining total amniotic fluid volume are direct measurements at the time of hysterotomy and dye-dilution techniques, neither of which is clinically applicable however historically they do represent a reference allowing for evaluation of the accuracy of all other ultrasound measurements of AFV. Anne Marie Coady, in Twining's Textbook of Fetal Abnormalities (Third Edition), 2015 Quantification of the Amniotic Fluid ![]()
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