![]() ![]() Soon after the dissolution of the States-General, Richelieu entered the service of King Louis XIII's wife, Anne of Austria, as her almoner. At the end of the assembly, the First Estate (the clergy) chose him to deliver the address enumerating its petitions and decisions. He was the most prominent clergyman to support the adoption of the decrees of the Council of Trent throughout France the Third Estate (commoners) was his chief opponent in this endeavor. There, he was a vigorous advocate of the Church, arguing that it should be exempt from taxes and that bishops should have more political power. In 1614, the clergymen of Poitou elected Richelieu as one of their representatives to the States-General. ![]() The young King Louis XIII was only a figurehead during his early reign power actually rested with his mother, Marie de Médicis. Soon after he returned to his diocese in 1608, Richelieu was heralded as a reformer he became the first bishop in France to implement the institutional reforms prescribed by the Council of Trent between 15. The agreement of the Pope having been secured, Richelieu was consecrated bishop in April 1607. As Richelieu had not yet reached the official minimum age, it was necessary that he journey to Rome to obtain a special dispensation from the Pope. In 1606, King Henry IV nominated Richelieu to become Bishop of Luçon. Later at the age of seventeen he began studying theology. At the age of nine was sent to College de Navarre in Paris. ![]() Richelieu was a bright child and excelled at his studies. When Armand was only five years old, his father died fighting in the French Wars of Religion, leaving the family in debt with the aid of royal grants, however, the family was able to avoid financial difficulties. His family, although belonging only to the lesser nobility of Poitou, was somewhat prominent: His father, François du Plessis, seigneur de Richelieu, was a soldier and courtier who served as the Grand Provost of France his mother, Susanne de La Porte, was the daughter of a famous jurist. Richelieu was born in Paris on September 9, 1585, he was the fourth of five children and the last of three sons. This in part allowed the colony to eventually develop into the heartland of Francophone culture in North America. His tenure was marked by the Thirty Years' War that engulfed Europe.Īs an advocate for Samuel de Champlain and of the retention of Québec, he founded the Compagnie des Cent-Associés and saw the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye return Québec to French rule under Champlain, after the settlement had been captured by the Kirkes in 1629. Although he was a Roman Catholic cardinal, he did not hesitate to make alliances with Protestant rulers in attempting to achieve this goal. His chief foreign policy objective was to check the power of the Austro- Spanish Habsburg dynasty. By restraining the power of the nobility, he transformed France into a strong, centralized state. The Cardinal de Richelieu was often known by the title of the King's "Chief Minister." He sought to consolidate royal power and crush domestic factions. He remained in office until his death in 1642 he was succeeded by Jules Cardinal Mazarin. Richelieu soon rose in both the Church and the state, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He was consecrated as a bishop in 1607, he later entered politics, becoming a Secretary of State in 1616. Cardinal Richelieu was the French chief minister from 1624 until his death.Īrmand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (Septem– December 4, 1642), was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman. ![]()
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